Genetics : Concepts and connections 중간고사

Genetics : Concepts and connections (영어 30%) 중간고사

시험이 전부 영문 서술형이라고 하셔서 답안을 영어로 준비했는데 한글 답안도 허용해주셨다.. 그렇지만 영어로 준비하는 바람에 용어들을 한국어로 뭐라하는지 몰라서 결국 국영문혼용체 사용 ㅠㅠ.. 

1. Difference between Genome, Gene, and DNA.

Genome is a complete set of genetic instructions for any organism.

Genes contain instructions for making proteins. They are functional regions within DNA molecules.

DNA is a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions.

2. What is DNA?

Most DNA molecules are composed of two biopolymer strands to form a double helix. DNA strands consist of simple units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogen-containing base, deoxyribose and phosphate group.

3. Why does DNA form a double helix?

Information from birth to death is saved within DNA. When it changes(impacted), DNA has to recover its original sequence but remembering its all sequence is not effective. so, Instead, It recover the impacted bases with comparing to its complementary base.

4. Why can DNA renaturate?

complementary base sequence.

5. 인연생기

Genotype	인	- 선천적, 직접적 (innated) - DNA 염기서열 (nucleotide sequence)
	+
	연	- 후천적, 간접적, 환경 (learned, environment) - 유전자 발현, 염기서열 변이, 후성유전학. (gene expression, mutation of nucleotide sequence, Epigenetics)
	↓
Phenotype	생기	- 현상이 나타남. (phenomenon)

6. 3% SSR & 1.5% Exons.

7. How does Nucleotide absorb light?

Base in Nucleotide is a resonance structure so it must absorb light regardless of its wavelength.

8. denaturation ↔ renaturation, annealing (feature of DNA)

9. Copy-number variation

CNVs are a form of structural variation that manifest as deletions or duplications in the genome.

10. Why does eukaryotic cell DNA have Intron?

Intron itself has an enzymatic function.

11. Method of DNA paternity testing

A person inherits a copy(allele) of the STR from each parents. first, extract DNA from parents and offspring. second, amplify the number of STR by PCR. third, go through electrophoresis. fourth, compare offspring's bands that are expressed by DNA probe with parents'.

12. Pseudo genes

splicing → reverse transcription → Insert in DNA.

13. Proto-oncogene → Oncogene

mutation by many environmental factors.

Oncogene (cancer) couldn't be regulated → divide permanently → require nutritions → lack of nutritions

14. Tumor suppressor Gene "P53" occurs apoptosis.

15. Tandem Repeat

Tandem repeat occur in DNA when a pattern of two or more nucleotides is repeated and the repetitions are adjacent to each other.